Excuses, Excuses

Jul 24, 2011

For as long as I can remember, the prevailing ‘wisdom’ in language learning has been that children are far more capable of easily learning a language than adults.  In linguistic circles, this notion is know as the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH).

In a non-academic nutshell, CPH suggests that there is a certain period, generally thought to run from early childhood until the early teen years (the exact period seems to vary, depending on whose work you read).  This period is said to coincide with the state of physical plasticity of the brain that starts to wane as adulthood approaches.  As such, it should be harder for adults to learn new languages than it might’ve been for them in youth.

CPH is, however, somewhat controversial in linguistics circles.  Some evidence exists to prove that it applies more to acquiring one’s First Language (L1) than to Second Language (L2).  Other evidence suggests that CPH implies that adults learning a language will never quite get the pronunciation/accent of acquired languages right, but that it doesn’t impede the learning of vocabulary, idiom, etc.  CPH definitely seems to have some implications.  Exactly which implications?  The jury still seems to be out on that.

Personally, CPH has always rubbed me the wrong way.  I learned 3 of my languages after the CPH had already run its course on me.  Professors have dismissed me, saying I’m an “outlier.”  Yet, I’ve known a lot of people who have acquired a second language well into adulthood and learned to speak it rather well.  Anecdotal evidence aside, a look at the current literature on CPH also seems to suggest that I may have been on to something.

I’ve always argued that adults have more language learning tools at their disposal than do children.  Adults already have a grammatical “matrix” built up upon which to “hang” new languages.  Adults already have life experience and the ability to recognize patterns.  Children are having to create (or discover) this “matrix” as they acquire their L1.

Children definitely have an advantage in that they don’t really see what they are doing as “learning.”  No stress = ease of acquisition and retention.  Adults can get hung up on perfecting grammar and pronunciation, while children don’t mind that their utterances aren’t perfect.  “Why can Superman can fly?” is still a perfectly valid question that makes perfect sense, even though it suggests that the child uttering it hasn’t figured out deletion yet.  An adult might be horribly embarrassed to make such an error.  Such embarrassment and stress can definitely adversely affect learning.

NewScientist has published a new article which states that new research may suggest that, under certain conditions, adults may actually be better at learning languages than children:  Age no excuse for failing to learn a new language.  Potentially very interesting stuff.

What are your thoughts?  Do you have any anecdotal evidence of your own that seems to debunk CPH?

I’m Published!

Jul 15, 2011

My hometown paper, the Daily Times Herald in Carroll, Iowa, did me the honor of asking me to write an Op-Ed piece on why I think we should learn other languages. It’s a bit long, but they decided to run the full version with very few, minor cuts.

I hope you enjoy it! As always, I welcome any feedback you might have.

Why You Should Know More than One Language

Michael

Frussian

Jun 23, 2011

The Russians are coming!  The Russians are coming!

French linguistic protectionists are probably losing their minds over this*, but yet another Russian word has found its way into the French language: malossol (малосоль), meaning “lightly salted.”  It’s usually seen on caviar and pickle labels, but can now actually be found in the Larousse (which, by the way, does not mean “The Russians”) dictionary.  Considering this rather specific usage, I’m not sure there’s much danger in the near future of French kids ordering their pommes frites “malossol.”

What is this world coming to?  What ever happened to good, old fashioned FRENCH words like bistro?  (Wait…  that comes from Russian, too?**  Never mind.)

Read all about it in English or Russian.  Strangely, I had trouble finding a news article on this topic in French.  If you happen across one, please post a link to it in the comments section.

*I don’t know if there’s any relevance here, but the official language of the Russian court used to be French.  Just sayin’.

**This etymology is, not surprisingly, not supported by some French linguists.

TOCFL

Jun 22, 2011

Taiwan News published a story today on the “Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language” (TOCFL), a comprehensive test “designed especially for non-native speakers of Chinese.”  I’m guessing that TOCFL is an equivalent to the “Test of English as a Foreign Language” (TOEFL).  TOCFL itself isn’t new (it’s been around since 2003).  What is news-worthy is that it will be offered in a computerized format for the first time this year.

For more information on language fluency testing in general, please see “How Fluent am I?“.

[Read the complete story at Taiwan News]

 

by | Categories: Fluency, 普通話 | No Comments

Les mots “Facebook” et “Twitter” interdits, la presse anglo-saxonne s’esclaffe

Interdire l’usage des mots “Facebook” et “Twitter” à la télévision et à la radio ? La règle édictée la semaine dernière par le Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel (CSA) français fait bondir la presse anglo-saxonne.

The words “Facebook” and “Twitter” are forbidden, the English-speaking press laughs

Prohibition of the usage of the words “Facebook” and “Twitter” on television and radio?  The rule enacted last week by the France’s Conseil Supérieur de l’Audiovisuel (CSA), their equivalent to America’s Federal Communications Commission (FCC), has energized the Anglo-Saxon press.

 

La presse anglo-saxonne s’étrangle de rire… ou d’indignation. À la fin mai, le Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel (CSA) français a décidé d’interdire aux médias de mentionner Facebook et Twitter, sauf si l’actualité concerne directement ces deux plateformes. Il s’agirait, selon le CSA, d’éviter de faire une publicité clandestine aux deux réseaux sociaux.

The Anglo-Saxon press choking with laughter… or indignation. In late May, the CSA decided to ban members of the French media from mentioning Facebook and Twitter, unless the news relates directly to these two platforms.  This would, according to the CSA, prevent surreptitious advertising for both social networks.

 

La nouvelle vient, semble-t-il, tout juste d’atterrir dans les oreilles des blogueurs et des journalistes anglophones car, en ce début de semaine, rares sont ceux qui ne commentent pas cette “règle absurde et ridicule”, comme l’a qualifiée le journaliste John Johnson, sur le site américain Newser. Il lui a même décerné à cette nouvelle mesure la palme de la “règlementation la plus bizarre de la semaine”.

The news has, it seems, just landed in the ears of English-speaking bloggers and journalists.  Since the beginning of the week, there are few who have not commented on the “absurd and ridiculous rule,” like the journalist John Johnson, on the American website “Newser.”  He even awarded the prize this new measure of “most bizarre regulation of the week.”

 

“Ce n’est pas une blague !”, prévient, goguenard, Matthew Fraser, un journaliste anglo-canadien basé à Paris, sur son blog intitulé “This much I know”. Pour lui, cette interdiction, “fruit de la bureaucratie française, véritable cauchemar kafkaïen”, n’est que l’expression de la “folle obsession des Français pour des lois et des règlements”. Pourquoi Facebook et Twitter sont-ils visés ? “Je me demande s’il ne s’agit pas purement et simplement d’une hostilité de principe des institutions françaises aux symboles de la domination anglo-saxonne”, s’interroge le journaliste.

“This is not a joke,” mockingly warns Matthew Fraser, a British-Canadian journalist based in Paris, on his blog titled “This Much I Know.”  For him, this ban, the “fruit of the French bureaucracy, a Kafkaesque nightmare,” is nothing more than an expression of a “mad French obsession for laws and regulations.”  Why Facebook and Twitter?  “I wonder if it isn’t simply, in principle, French hostility toward the symbols of Anglo institutions” asks the reporter.

 

Dans la même veine, le “Huffington Post” rappelle qu’en 2003, les autorités françaises avaient tenté d’éliminer le mot “e-mail” du vocabulaire français pour le remplacer par “courriel”. Pour ce faire, elles avaient décidé de bannir l’horrible vocable anglophone de toute la communication et de toutes les publications gouvernementales. Peine perdue : si les différents ministères français respectent globalement la consigne, elle n’a pas suffi à changer les habitudes des Français : “courriel” n’a pas détrôné “e-mail”.

In the same vein, “The Huffington Post” recalls that in 2003, French authorities had tried to eliminate the word “e-mail” from the French vocabulary and replace it with the French word “courriel” (“mail”).  To do this, they had decided to ban horrible English words from all communication and all government publications.  Not a chance: regardless of whether the various French ministries universally complied, it was not enough to change the habits of the French; “courriel” has not dethroned “e-mail.”

 

Paraphraser Twitter et Facebook

“Oh la la !”, fait mine de s’offusquer – en français – le journal britannique “Daily Mail” dans un article sur l’affaire. Les télévisions et radios françaises contraintes de paraphraser Facebook et Twitter pour promouvoir leurs pages ? Le journaliste en rit d’avance. Tout comme celui du “Times”, qui entend déjà les présentateurs prononcer des phrases interminables du genre : “Rendez-vous sur le site où il est possible de publier instantanément des messages de 140 caractères maximum”. Tout ça pour éviter “une publicité subliminale liée à l’utilisation des mots Facebook et Twitter”.

Paraphrasing Twitter and Facebook

“Oh la la!” reads the British newspaper “Daily Mail” in an article on the situation, in mock offense (in French).  French television and radio are constrained to paraphrasing the words “Facebook” and “Twitter” when promoting their pages?  The reporter laughed in advance.  Likewise, the “Times,” which has already heard presenters utter long sentences like: “Visit the site where you can instantly publish messages of 140 characters or less.”  All this just to avoid “subliminal advertising related to the use of the words Facebook and Twitter.”

 

Le site spécialisé TechCrunch, citant le blog du journaliste français Benoît Raphaël intitulé “La social NewsRoom”, propose ainsi diverses façons de contourner l’interdiction. “La manière confuse : ‘Vous pouvez envoyer vos témoignages sur notre page de réseau social où vous avez habituellement des amis. Attention, ne pas confondre avec l’autre où il n’y a pas d’amis mais des followers. Ou la manière blasée : ‘Retrouvez-nous où vous savez’”.

The niche website TechCrunch, citing the blog of French journalist Benoît Raphaël entitled “Social NewsRoom” proposes ways to circumvent the ban. “The confusing manner: ‘You can post your testimonials on our social network where you usually have friends.  Be careful not to be confused with the other (site) where there are no friends, but followers.  Or the jaded ‘Find us you-know-where.’”

 

De façon plus sérieuse, Memeburn, un site consacré à “l’analyse des marchés émergents”, concède : “L’objectif du CSA – ne pas léser les autres réseaux sociaux – est sans nulle doute louable”. Mais condamne ensuite “avec beaucoup de respect” cette règle “ridicule”. “Facebook et Twitter sont désormais bien plus que des entreprises privées, ce sont devenues de véritables plateformes de l’expression publique”, estime le site, qui fustige une décision “absurde et nuisible”.

More seriously, Memeburn, a site devoted to “analysis of emerging markets,” concedes: “The purpose of the CSA is not to injure the social networks, and is, without any doubt, laudable.” But it then condemns “with great respect” the rule as “ridiculous.”  “Facebook and Twitter are now much more than private companies, and have become real platforms of public expression,” said the site, which criticizes an “absurd and harmful” decision.

by | Categories: Français | 1 Comment

Language Learning

Jun 6, 2011

I’m working on an editorial piece for my hometown newspaper on why we (all) should learn a second (or third, or fourth) language. The first draft is done-ish, and I’m about to mail it to my contact for suggestions. There’s still a lot in there that I’m sure I can cut out.

If they publish it, I’ll post a link here.

by | Categories: Bilingual | No Comments

LOLKot

Mar 26, 2011

"In my world there are only ponies. They eat rainbows and poop butterflies."

If you’re a Russian learner, but bored with textbooks, why not check out the Russian version of LOLCats?  Don’t expect to see Vanya asking for directions to the movie theater, though.  Some of these pictures do to the Russian language what LOLCats did (and continues to do) to English.  If your Russian slang helmet is a bit rusty, fear not.  Each comes with its own English translation and, if it exists, a cultural or historical explanation.

The United Nations’ High Commissioner for Human Rights holds the Guinness World Record for the most translated document, the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” which has been translated into over 300 languages and dialects. How many of them can you read?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

If you’d like to hear some of these translations read by native speakers, point your browser to Omniglot.  [Note: I found a couple of apparent errors in the Japanese version and have apprised Omniglot.  These minor errors may have already been corrected by the time you read this.]

http://voxy.com/blog/2011/02/why-it-pays-to-be-bilingual-infographic/

by | Categories: Bilingual | 1 Comment

Learn the Lingo

Feb 14, 2011

The moral of the story: learning the local language is a first step toward building bridges of friendship.

Alberta soldier who speaks Pashto draws stares in Afghanistan.